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style="padding-top:0;"> <h1>厭氧運行，VFA揮發(fā)酸最重要！</h1> <p class="info">文章來源：正澤上傳時間：2022-03-05</p> <div id="0u9kxhdeykzo" class="txtbox cleafix" style="width:100%;float:none;"> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><img alt="" src="http://m.h7502.cn/uploads/allimg/190321/1-1Z321132HJ94.png" style="border:0px none; margin:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:middle" /></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""> </p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">VFA揮發(fā)性脂肪酸，是厭氧反應器運行的重要指標。VFA如果超出正常范圍，說明厭氧顆粒正在發(fā)生酸化，必須立即采取措施才能保證顆粒污泥的活性。如果放任VFA指標持續(xù)偏高，將有可能導致厭氧菌種全部死亡，最后只能花費重金重新采購厭氧菌種，再次啟動厭氧反應器。今天，我們就來介紹一下VFA揮發(fā)酸的重要性以及如何監(jiān)測。</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> </span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><strong style="font-weight:bold !important; margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">一、什么是揮發(fā)性脂肪酸（VFA）？</span></strong></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> </span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">揮發(fā)性脂肪酸，VolatileFatty Acid, 簡稱VFA，是脂肪酸的一種，一般是具有1~6個碳原子碳鏈的有機酸，包括乙酸、丙酸、異丁酸、戊酸、異戊酸、正丁酸等，它們的共同特點是具有很強的揮發(fā)性，故稱揮發(fā)性脂肪酸。</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> </span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><strong style="font-weight:bold !important; margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">二、VFA的重要性</span></strong></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> </span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">揮發(fā)性脂肪酸（VFA）是厭氧消化過程的重要中間產物，在反應器運行中，出水VFA是重要的控制指標，其原理如下：</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> </span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">在厭氧反應器中，甲烷菌主要利用VFA形成甲烷。監(jiān)測VFA指標高低，可以判斷甲烷菌的活躍狀態(tài)或反應器操作情況。</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> </span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">1. 當VFA過低時，甲烷能利用的物料減少，會降低厭氧反應器對有機物的分解。具體表現(xiàn)為厭氧去除率偏低；</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> </span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">2. 當VFA過高時，VFA超過甲烷菌所能利用的數(shù)量，形成堆積，影響甲烷菌正常功能的發(fā)揮，甚至會損害甲烷菌。具體表現(xiàn)為出水pH值偏低，厭氧反應器去除率明顯降低。</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> </span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">因此，所有的厭氧反應器都應把VFA作為一個控制指標來分析化驗和及時掌握。</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> </span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><strong style="font-weight:bold !important; margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">三、VFA的測定</span></strong></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> </span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">常見的VFA測定法為滴定法和氣相色譜法。但是，滴定法分析速度慢，步驟繁瑣，容易產生誤差，且工作量大。而色譜柱在國內不容易得到，價格昂貴。一般快捷準確的測定方法，我們選擇分光光度法。</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> </span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><strong style="font-weight:bold !important; margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">1. 分光光度法</span></strong></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> </span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">分光光度法是通過測定被測物質在特定波長處或一定波長范圍內光的吸收度，對該物質進行定性和定量分析的方法。它具有靈敏度高、操作簡便、快速等優(yōu)點，是生物化學實驗中最常用的實驗方法。許多物質的測定都采用分光光度法。在分光光度計中，將不同波長的光連續(xù)地照射到一定濃度的樣品溶液時，便可得到與不同波長相對應的吸收強度。</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> </span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><strong style="font-weight:bold !important; margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">2. 滴定法</span></strong><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> </p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">將廢水酸化后，從中蒸餾出揮發(fā)性脂肪酸，再以酚酞為指示劑用氫氧化鈉滴定餾出液。廢水中的氨態(tài)氮先在堿性條件下蒸餾出。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> <strong style="font-weight:bold !important; margin:0px; padding:0px">3. 氣相色譜分析法</strong></span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""> </p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">氣相色譜法可用于分析VFA總量及其組成。</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""> </p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">色譜柱分離后的餾出物被載氣攜帶進入氫火焰離子化檢測器的噴嘴口，與氫氣和空氣混合燃燒，待測樣品中的各組分依次電離為正負離子，在離子室內形成離子流被收集極收集后，經放大為信號經記錄儀記錄。此信號的大小即反映出各組分的含量。與氣相色譜連用的微機可以直接處理信號，經與標準進行比較后，可直接給出樣品中各組分的濃度，其濃度可以以mg/L、mmol/L、或mgCOD/L同時給出。</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> </span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><strong style="font-weight:bold !important; margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">四、正澤VFA在線監(jiān)測分析儀</span></strong></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><img alt="" src="http://m.h7502.cn/uploads/allimg/190321/1-1Z321132Q63K.png" style="border:0px none; margin:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:middle" /></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">正澤VFA在線監(jiān)測分析儀采用分光光度法測定揮發(fā)性脂肪酸的含量。即在加熱的條件下，揮發(fā)性脂肪酸與酸性乙二醇作用生成酯，此酯與羧胺反應，形成氧肟酸，在高鐵試劑存在下，氧肟酸轉化為高鐵氧肟酸的棕紅色絡合物，其顏色的深淺在一定范圍內與揮發(fā)性脂肪酸的含量成正比，通過標準曲線校正，即可測定水樣中揮發(fā)性脂肪酸含量。</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""> </p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><strong style="font-weight:bold !important; margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">九大特性</span></strong></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> </span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">- 實時監(jiān)控，24小時連續(xù)在線監(jiān)測；</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">- 同步傳輸，運行數(shù)據實時傳輸PLC；</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">- 測量周期短，最短周期僅為45分鐘；</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">- 準確率高，正負偏差5%；</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">- 自動校準，任意間隔任意時刻可調；</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">- 存儲量大，連續(xù)儲存5年以上數(shù)據；</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">- 運行簡便，智能化操作；</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">- 自動清洗，便于維護；</span></p> <p microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span style="font-size:14px; margin:0px; padding:0px">- 安全穩(wěn)定，保障厭氧反應器正常運行。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> </p> <div microsoft="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: " ui="" yahei=""><span helvetica="" neue="" style="color:#d3d3d3; font-family:-apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,">以上內容來源于微信公眾號：工業(yè)污水處理（或微信號：gywscl），如需轉載，請注明出處。</span></div> </div> <div id="0u9kxhdeykzo" class="clearfix"></div> <div id="0u9kxhdeykzo" class="inside-page-news clearfix"> <ul class="clearfix"> <li> <img src="/static/index/images/sj.png">上一篇：<a href="/zhishiku/217.html"> 精選！關于厭氧生物的21個技術問答</a> </li> <li> 下一篇：<a href="/zhishiku/268.html">如何啟動UASB反應器？</a><img src="/static/index/images/sj2.png"> </li> </ul> <a href="/zhishiku/" class="fanhui">返回列表</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> 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